Home Country Presence Requirement and Repeat Participation Bars

What is the two-year home country residence requirement?

The J-exchange visitor program requires that after they complete their program, participants must reside in their home country for at least two years. J-exchange visitors may not obtain an H temporary worker visa, an L intracompany transferee visa, or permanent residence in the United States. They also may not change their status in the U.S. They may return to the U.S. on an F-1 student visa or a B-1/B-2 tourist/business visa. This requirement is often referred to as "the two-year home country physical presence requirement" and the "two-year rule."

Who is subject to the two-year home country residence requirement?

J-exchange visitors and dependents are subject to the two-year home-country residence requirement if any of the following apply:

• Participation in a J-exchange visitor program in the U.S. was financed in whole or in part by an agency of the U.S. government, by the exchange visitor's home country government, or an international organization. Students on research assistantships or grants paid to the University are not considered to have received U.S. government funding.
• The education, training or skill the exchange visitor is pursuing appears on the Exchange Visitor Skills List for the exchange visitor’s country. This is a list of specialized skills needed by the home country. The lists can be reviewed by accessing the U.S. Department of State website.
• They acquired J-1 status to receive graduate medical education or training.

How can I tell if I am subject to the two-year home country residence requirement?

If any of the above circumstances apply, you are subject to the two-year home country residence requirement. The following notations on your documents may help confirm that you are subject to the requirement:

• The U.S. Consulate or Embassy official who issues the J-1 visa may put a notation similar to “section 212 (e) does apply” on the visa stamp in your passport and/or on the lower left-hand side of your DS-2019.

If these notations are not in your passport or on your DS-2019, and the above conditions apply, you may still be subject to the two-year home country residence requirement. However, if you think that your documents indicate that you are subject in error, you should request an "advisory opinion" from the U.S. Department of State following these instructions.

Can I request a waiver of the two-year home country residence requirement?

Exchange visitors may apply for a waiver under any of the following grounds, as provided by U.S. immigration law:

• "No Objection" Statement from the Home Government

  The exchange visitor’s government must state that it has no objection to the exchange visitor not returning to the home country to satisfy the two-year home-country residence requirement of Section 212(e) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended. Each embassy has its own request process; normally the exchange visitor needs to contact the Education Attaché or Education Department of the embassy. You can see a list of all Foreign embassies in the U.S at http://www.embassy.org.

• Request by an Interested U.S. Government Agency

  If an exchange visitor is working on a project for or of interest to a U.S. Federal Government agency, and that agency determines that the visitor’s continued stay in the U.S. is vital to one of its programs, a waiver may be granted as it is in the U.S. public interest and vital to the agency's program.

• Persecution

  The exchange visitor must believe that they will be persecuted upon return to their home country due to race, religion or political opinion.

• Exceptional Hardship to a U.S. Citizen (or Permanent Resident) Spouse or Child

  The exchange visitor must demonstrate that his/her departure from the U.S. would cause extreme hardship to their U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident spouse or child. Note that mere separation from family is not considered to be sufficient to establish exceptional hardship.

• Request by a Designated State Department of Health, or Its Equivalent

  The law permits only medical doctors who received their J-1 status to pursue graduate medical education or training to apply for a waiver on this basis.

Procedures for Waiver Applications

There are three steps in a waiver review application regardless of the basis of the waiver. Detailed instructions are available on the U.S. Department of State website.

Waiver Steps

1. Step One

   To apply for a recommendation for a waiver of the two-year home residence requirement under any of the five applicable grounds, applicants must complete and send online Form DS-3035, two self-addressed, stamped, legal-size envelopes (S.A.S.E) and a cashier’s check or money order for $215 per application, payable to the U.S. Department of State. These documents should be sent to:

   Via Postal Service
   US Department of State
   Waiver Review Division
   P. O. Box 952137
   St. Louis, MO 63195-2137

   Via Courier Service
   US Department of State
   Waiver Review Division (Box 952137)
   1005 Convention Plaza
   St. Louis, MO 63101-1200

   Only applications using the online form DS-3035 will be accepted. The online waiver form can be found and completed on the waiver recommendation page.

   • Write on the cashier’s check or money order the applicant’s full name, date of birth and Social Security Number, if any.
   • Remittances must be drawn on a bank or other institution located in the U.S. and made payable in U.S. currency to the U.S. Department of State.
   • If the applicant resides outside of the United States at the time of application, remittance may be made by bank international money order or foreign draft drawn on an institution in the U.S. and made payable to the U.S. Department of State in U.S. currency.

   Do NOT fax or mail copies of your application to the Waiver Review Division. The lock box in St. Louis will forward your application to the Waiver Review Division. If you fax or mail copies to the Waiver Review Division, it will NOT be processed.

2. Step Two

   It is your responsibility to submit all requested documents and ensure that required documents are sent on your behalf by third parties. The Waiver Review Division will NOT follow up on documents that have not been received. You must ensure that your file is complete. Once you have your waiver case number, you should check on the status of your application by visiting the J-Visa Waiver Status Check website. If you notice an error regarding your waiver case, you should contact Public Inquiries at (202) 663-1225.

   Some documents will be submitted directly to the Waiver Review Division by the responsible third party. However, you, the waiver applicant, must initiate the process by requesting such documents directly from the responsible third party or by applying directly with these other agencies. And, if the third party agrees, your other required documents, such as your DS-2019, may be forwarded to the Waiver Review Division through the third party.

3. Step Three

   At the conclusion of the review process, the Waiver Review Division will forward its recommendation directly to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) in the Department of Homeland Security, and you will receive a copy of that recommendation at the address listed on your application. USCIS will make the final determination on your waiver request and notify you directly whether your waiver application is denied or approved.

   Once you receive a waiver of the two-year home-country residence requirement, it is not advisable to travel out of the U.S. and re-enter on a J-visa because you could become subject to the residence requirement again. 

   Per federal regulations, once a waiver is recommended by the Department of State, an exchange visitor is no longer eligible for a program extension beyond the end date shown on their current DS-2019. 

Repeat Participation Bars

12-Month Bar

USCIS regulation 22 CFR 62.20(d)(ii) established a "12-month bar" on beginning a new J-1 program as a Research Scholar or Professor for those persons who spent the previous year in the United States in any J-status (J-1 or J-2). This bar does not apply to transfers from one institution to another, to persons who were Short-Term Scholars, or to persons whose J-program lasted less than 6 months.

24-Month Bar

USCIS regulation 22 CFR 62.20(i)(2) established a "24-month bar" on repeat participation as a Research Scholar or Professor for those persons who were present in the United States in J-1 Research Scholar/Professor category on or after November 17, 2006. The bar does not apply to transfers from one institution to another.

These bars only prevent new programs as Research Scholars and Professors who have previously held J-status. They do not prevent someone who has held J-status from beginning a new program as a J-1 Student or Short-Term Scholar, nor any other visa status. Once the applicable 12-month or 24-month time period has lapsed, Exchange Visitors are again eligible to begin a program in any J-category. The J repeat participation bars also apply to J-2 dependents who accompany the J-1.